This should work fine - we do something like this fairly frequently. After importing, all you'll need to do is rebuild the index (2D Toolkit > Rebuild Index).
A few things to help troubleshoot this.
1. Make sure you're using the same version of 2D Toolkit on both machines.
2. Make sure you've also not moved any of the files outside the interface (this will break the GUIDs internally in Unity, and should be avoided in all circumstances)
3. Make sure the GUIDs are the same on the scripts - turn on Edit > Project Settings > Editor > Version Control = Meta Files, and compare the meta files on the objects. If they are different, let me know and I'll describe how to fix them up. (It is painful, but doable)